In the United States, autoimmune diseases are some of the most common chronic illnesses, affecting more than 23.5 million people. Many different types of autoimmune diseases exist, and they can affect any part of the body.
Autoimmune diseases are caused when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but they are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Autoimmune diseases tend to run in families, so genetics may play a role. Environmental factors that have been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases include infections, stress, and exposure to certain chemicals or drugs.
What are the most common autoimmune diseases and their symptoms?
There are more than 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, and their symptoms can vary widely. Some of the most common autoimmune diseases include:
- Rheumatoid arthritis– This is a form of arthritis that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It can also cause fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss. The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis usually develop gradually, but they can sometimes come on suddenly.
- Lupus– Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. The most common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, rash, and fever. Lupus can also cause kidney, brain, and heart problems.
- Multiple sclerosis– Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis can include muscle weakness, numbness, fatigue, and problems with balance and coordination.
- Type 1 diabetes– This form of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include increased thirst, hunger, and urination; weight loss; and fatigue.
- Celiac disease– Celiac disease is a condition that damages the lining of the small intestine and prevents it from absorbing nutrients from food. Symptoms of celiac disease can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss.
- Psoriasis– Psoriasis is a condition that causes patches of thick, scaly skin to form on the body. It can also cause joint pain and swelling. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation, about 7.5 million people in the United States have psoriasis.
- Crohn’s disease– Crohn’s disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. It can also lead to other problems such as anemia and osteoporosis.
- Hashimoto’s disease– Hashimoto’s disease is the most common form of autoimmune thyroiditis. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Symptoms of Hashimoto’s disease can include fatigue, weight gain, depression, and dry skin.
While there is no cure for autoimmune diseases, many can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. If you think you may have an autoimmune disease, it’s important to see a doctor so that you can get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
How are autoimmune diseases treated and what are the options available to patients?
There is no cure for autoimmune diseases, but many can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. The treatment plan for each individual will depend on the type of autoimmune disease they have and the severity of their symptoms. Some common treatments include:
- Corticosteroids– These are drugs that can help to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
- Immunosuppressants– These are drugs that help to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
- Biologic agents– These are drugs that target specific parts of the immune system and can help to reduce inflammation.
- Dietary changes– For some people with autoimmune diseases, making dietary changes can help to manage their symptoms. This may involve avoiding certain foods that trigger inflammation or following a special diet such as the Paleo diet or the autoimmune protocol diet.
- Exercise– Exercise can help to reduce inflammation and improve overall health.
- Stress management– Managing stress can be helpful for people with autoimmune diseases, as stress can trigger or worsen symptoms. Stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can be helpful.
If you have an autoimmune disease, it’s important to work with a doctor to create a treatment plan that’s right for you. There are many different options available, and what works for one person may not work for another. With the right treatment, many people with autoimmune diseases are able to manage their symptoms and live healthy, active lives.
